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Oito razões para beber vinho tinto.
É um fato demonstrado por vários estudos: o vinho tinto, tomado de forma moderada, faz bem à saúde. Mas a Time decidiu compilar, de uma vez por todas, todos os benefícios que se podem encontrar na ingestão desta bebida. Saiba quais são as oito razões listadas pela reputada publicação.
Beber um copo de vinho é uma boa maneira de terminar um cansativo dia de trabalho, se ingerido sem exageros. Mas, se é bom para nos ajudar a descontrair, também é sabido que nos faz bem à saúde. A revista Time decidiu compilar os benefícios da ingestão moderada deste líquido para homens (2 copos) e mulheres (1 copo).
1 – Promove a longevidade. Investigadores da Harvard Medical School confirmaram que o resveratrol, um componente encontrado na pele das uvas negras, estimula a produção de uma proteína que tem benefícios anti envelhecimento.
2 – Melhora as capacidades de memorização. Novamente o resveratrol. Um estudo concluiu que as pessoas que ingeriam um suplemento desta substância evidenciavam mais capacidades para reter novas palavras e tinham melhor desempenho do hipocampo, parte do cérebro que está associada à formação de novas memórias, aprendizagens e emoções.
3 – Reduz o risco de doenças cardíacas. Um estudo de 2007 sugere que procyanidins, um composto encontrado no vinho tinto, ajuda a promover a saúde cardiovascular. O vinho produzido no sul de França e Sardenha, onde as pessoas tendem a viver até mais tarde, tem elevadas concentrações deste composto.
4 – Promove a saúde ocular. Um estudo desenvolvido na Islândia descobriu que os apreciadores de vinho, que ingeriam a bebida de forma moderada, tinham menos 32% de hipóteses de desenvolver cataratas do que os que não bebiam vinho tinto.
5 – Reduz o risco de cancro. Uma proteína na pele da uva pode ajudar a destruir as células cancerígenas, reportam investigadores da Universidade de Virginia. O resveratrol ajuda a bloquear o desenvolvimento de uma proteína que ‘alimenta’ as células cancerosas.
6 – Melhora a saúde dentária. Pesquisas recentes, de acordo com a Time, concluíram que os antioxidantes presentes no vinho podem atenuar o crescimento de bactérias da boca e potencialmente prevenir cáries. Para provar a sua teoria, os investigadores trataram um conjunto de bactérias responsáveis por doenças dentárias com diversos líquidos, verificando que o vinho tinto era o mais eficaz na sua erradicação.
7 – Ajuda a reduzir o colesterol. Algumas variedades de vinho poderão ajudar a baixar o colesterol. Participantes saudáveis a quem foi dado um suplemento de uma substância encontrada no vinho viram o seu nível de ‘mau colesterol’ baixar 9%. Os que já tinham uma elevada taxa registaram uma queda de 12%.
8 – Ajuda a defender-se da gripe comum. Graças aos antioxidantes presentes no vinho, investigadores descobriram que as pessoas que bebiam mais de 14 copos deste líquido por semana tinha menos 40% de probabilidade de contrair o vírus da gripe.
Wines presenter: Emilio Bernal- Labrada
Participants: Mario Aguilar , Marcello Averbug, Hugo Benito, Alfonso Caycedo, Ruth Connolly, Clara Estrada, Jorge Garcia-Garcia, Emilio Labrada, Alvaro López, Orlando Mason, Ítalo Mirkow, Jairo Sánchez, Ginger Smart, Carlos E. Velez, Ricardo Zavaleta, German Zincke.
Type of Tasting: Open
Clearly, there are very few New York wines available outside of the state of New York (unless one orders on-line). New York State wineries account for only 4% of wines produced in the USA. The number of wineries, mostly located in a climate moderated by the Finger Lakes, is rather limited, and production is insufficient to supply stores throughout the whole country. Fortunately, it was possible to locate some wines so that the Club could sample these few. They are not too expensive. The quality of wines from this region varies considerably, but considering the investment, it is generally worth the price. Certainly seems like something worth trying from time to time, but will leave that up to the individual members.
(The information below has been compiled from varios internet sources) .
Hazlitt Riesling is produced in the Finger Lakes region. It has aromas of spring flowers that harmonize with sweet flavors of honey and the first peaches of summer in this well-made Riesling. With a palate balanced with fruit, acidity and a mineral finish, this is a great selection for those partial to a sweet style, well-made Riesling.
Characteristics: Off-dry, Honey, Peach, Mineral, Light-bodied
Hazlitt 1852 Vineyards, located on Seneca Lake, was named one of America’s Top 25 Tasting Rooms in the May 2008 issue of Wine Enthusiast magazine. Additional information about this winery can be found here http://hazlitt1852.com/about
Alcohol: %; Price: $
Expert Ratings:
Wagner Dry Riesling is produced in Finger Lakes, New York. This Alsatian-style Riesling is crisp and fruit driven, showing delightful notes of apple, peach, and white flowers. The ripe nose explodes with fresh aromas of stone fruit and apple blossoms, while a crisp acidity balances everything out
Characteristics: Crisp, Apple, Lemon, Medium bodied.
Alcohol: %; Price: $
Expert Ratings:
Coho Red is exquisitely balanced to present an easy to drink, slightly fruity off-dry taste. Flavors of raspberries and cherries are wrapped in a soft full-bodied style making this an ideal everyday wine.
The Salmon Run Coho Red is a product of a winery known mostly as “Dr. Frank’s” established by Konstantin Frank, who came to the USA from Ukraine and set up his business with the help of a French enologist in 1962. It´s a family-run operation now going into its fourth generation, and has won more awards since 1962 than any other NY State winery.
For further information on the family, history, varieties and awards earned by this winery visit http://www.drfrankwines.com//index.cfm ,
Alcohol: %; Price: $
Expert Ratings: TBA
An excellent balance of fruit and oak make this full-bodied, dry red ideal with all red meat dishes.
Bully Hill winery is located on the banks of the Keuka Lake in the Finger Lakes Region.. You can read more about the winery here: http://www.bullyhillvineyards.com/
Alcohol: % ; Price: TBA
Experts Ratings: TBA
Criterio para calificar: Excepcional: 96-100 puntos; Excelente: 90-95 puntos; Muy Bueno: 86-89 puntos; Bueno: 81-85 puntos; Aceptable: 75-80 puntos.
El primer vino Blanco, fue calificado como Bueno con promedio de 81 puntos y el segundo vino Blanco como Aceptable con una Media de 78 puntos; el primer vino tinto fue calificado como Aceptable con un promedio de 75 puntos y el segundo tinto, con un promedio de 81 puntos, fue calificado como Bueno. En resumen, en esta degustacion del 2015 , segun las calificaciones del grupo, se observaron calificaciones solamente de vinos Buenos y Aceptables, pues los vinos no llenaron las espectativas esperadas. Varios participantes indicaron que los vinos no son representativos de los mejores que se producen en el estado ni en el estado ni en la región de los Finger Lakes
Vinos degustados:
Calificacion Media: 81
Desviacion Estandar: 10.0
Mediana: 86
Moda: 88
Impresion General: Un vino acido/dulce con poco aroma y sin caracteristicas especiales.
Desviacion Estandar: 8.0
Mediana: 80
Moda: 79
Impresion General: Un vino sin sabor, sin aroma e incoloro. Un poco dulce.
Impresion General: Se encontró con poco aroma y con un sabor que puede aceptarse como agradable, tambien observa un final muy corto.
(Source: Wkipedia)
New York wine refers to wine made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of New York. New York ranks third in grape production by volume, after California and Washington. Eighty-three percent of New York’s grape area is Vitis labrusca (native varieties, mostly Concord). The rest is split almost equally between Vitis vinifera form Europe and French hybrids.
NY State has 9 AVAs, (Cayuga Lake AVA, Finger Lakes AVA, Hudson River Region AVA, Lake Erie AVA, Long Island AVA, Niagara Escarpment AVA, North Fork of Long Island AVA, Seneca Lake AVA, The Hamptons, Long Island AVA) and is the second largest producer of wine in the U.S., boasting 4 wine-growing regions and 8 AVAs. New York is also one of America’s oldest commercial wine states, with a wine history dating to the 1860s. Today, vineyards are found in nearly half of its counties. New York’s wine regions reach from the shores of Lake Erie to the tip of Long Island, encompassing a wide range of terrain, climate and wine styles. Much of this production is still from native American labrusca varieties like Concord and Niagara, grown primarily for kosher wines. The balance is split between wines made from French-American hybrids, and an ever-expanding catalogue of classic vinifera varieties. The largest actual vineyard area is the Lake Erie District AVA, which extends into Pennsylvania and Ohio.
History
New York State’s wine production began in the 17th century with Dutch and Huguenot plantings in the Hudson Valley region. Commercial production did not begin until the 19th century. New York is home to the first bonded winery in the United States of America, Pleasant Valley Wine Company, located in Hammondsport. It is also home to America’s oldest continuously operating winery, Brotherhood Winery in the Hudson Valley, which has been making wine for almost 175 years. Furthermore, New York State is home to North America’s oldest dedicated sacramental winery, O-Neh-Da Vineyard, now operated by Eagle Crest Vineyards on Hemlock Lake in the Western Finger Lakes region.
In 1951 Dr. Konstantin Frank emigrated from the Ukraine to New York, to work at Cornell University’s Geneva Experiment Station. Frank was hired by Cornell as a janitor at the Geneva Experiment Station. Though he was a respected viticulturalist in Ukraine, this was the only position for which his American work experience, which consisted of his being a janitor at Horn & Hardart‘s cafeteria in New York, qualified him at the time. He spent his spare time at Cornell attempting to convince his colleagues that the failures of quality wine production in New York had to do with their choice of vines. He believed that choosing the correct Vitis vinifera vines would yield great wines in the Finger Lakes. With three-hundred years of failure preceding his theory, his colleagues were skeptical. Combined with a language barrier (although Dr. Frank spoke six languages fluently, (English was not one of them) his vision would have to wait for an appropriate ear.
Dr. Frank continued to promote his beliefs on the potential of the Vitis vinifera in New York until Charles Fournier, a French Champagne maker and president of nearby Gold Seal Vineyards took heed and hired him. The two shared the common language of French as well as a passion to plant Vitis vinifera in the Finger Lakes region. A decade later, Dr. Frank was producing quality wines from such Vitis vinifera vines such as Riesling, Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Gewürztraminer, and Cabernet Sauvignon. This set the stage for further plantings of Vitis vinifera vines in New York, aided by the boost to the New York wine industry given by the New York Farm Winery Act of 1976, which eased the process of opening a farm winery. Wineries have worked to choose the proper varietals that grow well in the unique terroir of the state. The Finger Lakes region would eventually become the central area of New York’s wine industry in the 20th century.
In 2011, the New York wineries were given another boost when Governor Andrew Cuomo signed the Fine Winery Law into law, allowing each farm winery to operate up to 5 tasting rooms as a single entity, rather than requiring a separate license for each. The act also streamlined the paperwork involved in direct shipping wine to customers, and allowed wineries to use custom-crush facilities or rent equipment and space from existing wineries, rather than requiring wineries to own all their own equipment.
Wine grapes
Vitis vinifera, Riesling grapes are used to make some of the highest quality wines in New York, others are made from French hybrids, American hybrids and Vitis labrusca.
The range of wines made in New York include Riesling, Seyval blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot noir, sparkling wines, and Cabernet Sauvignon. The Vitis vinifera varieties account for less than 10% of the wine produced in New York. Important American hybrid grapes grown in New York include Catawba, Delaware, Niagara, Elvira, Ives and Isabella. French hybrid grapes grown in New York include Aurore, Baco noir, De Chaunac, Seyval blanc, Cayuga, Vidal and Vignoles. Vignoles is particularly used in late harvest wines and ice wines. Wine made from Chardonnay grown in the Finger Lakes AVA is noted to take on characteristics of leaner styled Burgundy white wine. In total there are 34 most known varieties that grow in New York: Aurore, Baco noir, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Catawba, Cayuga, Chambourcin, Chancellor, Chardonnay, Chelois, Chenin blanc, Colobel, Concord, De Chaunac, Delaware, Diamond, Elvira, Frontenac, Gewürztraminer, Isabella, Ives noir, Leon Millot, Marechal Foch, Melody, Merlot, Niagara, Pinot blanc, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Riesling, Rougeon, Sauvignon blanc, Seyval blanc, St. Vincent, Steuben, Traminette, Vidal blanc, Vignoles, Vincent
Main Growing Regions
There are four major wine-growing regions: Lake Erie AVA on the western end of the state, the Finger Lakes AVA in the west-central area, the Hudson River Region AVA in eastern New York, and the eastern end of the Long Island AVA. In 1976, when the Farm Winery Act was passed, the Finger Lakes and Long Island regions had 19 wineries. By 1985, there were 63 wineries, and now the regions hold approximately 212 wineries.Wine Regions’ Soils and Climate.
The wine regions’ soils originated from the last glacial advance which left gravel and shale type soils with heavy clay deposits in the Finger Lakes region and sandy soil in the Long Island region. The climate differs amongst the regions based on the Atlantic Gulf Stream and the numerous bodies of water and mountainous regions around the state. The annual precipitation ranges from 30 inches (76 cm) to 50 inches (127 cm). The growing season in the Lake Erie and Finger Lakes regions ranges from 180 to 200 days a year, while on Long Island, the season is extended to 220 days and the humidity is higher and the fall precipitation is somewhat higher as well.
The Adirondack Coast Wine Trail is New York’s newest wine region. Established in 2013 the region’s wineries successfully argued the regions unique terroir, with unique glacial soils, the weather systems which flow off the Adirondack Mountain range and flow down over Lake Champlain, and the effect of one of the worlds oldest reefs in the Lake itself, make this area deserving of its own designated wine trail. The region was consistently overlooked as a potential grape growing region until one of the budding wineries, Elfs Farm Winery & Cider Mill, came out of no where to win “Specialty Winery of the Year” at New York’s largest wine competition. Receiving rave reviews even though no one in attendance was familiar with this region, the press in attendance gave this startup wine region the legitimacy it was seeking.

Wines presenter: Clarita Estrada y Jorge García
Participants: Marcello Averbug, Hugo Benito, Alfonso Caycedo, Ruth Connolly, Clara Estrada, Jorge Garcia-Garcia, Emilio Labrada, Orlando Mason, Ítalo Mirkow, Alfonso Sánchez, Jairo Sánchez, Ginger Smart, Carlos E. Velez, Ricardo Zavaleta, German Zincke.
Type of Tasting: Open
(The information below has been compiled from varios internet sources) .
Stacks a rich parfait of spicy pear and grapefruit flavors over lively acidity, stretching the structure into a supple wrapping. Impressive for the purity and precision of the flavors. Focusing on the unique terroir of the Victoria Pyrenees, the wines of Domaine Tournon reflect the cooler climate of Victoria and exhibit restraint and nuance in way no often associated with Aussie wine. This beauty is full of expressive flavor and a great pair to many foods. Mostly Viognier [85%] with a touch of Marsanne [15%] for added depth and richness.
Alcohol: 15 %; Price: $
Expert Ratings:
The Winery. Domaine Terlato & Chapoutier combines the vision of Anthony J. Terlato, the founder of Terlato Wines International, and Michel Chapoutier, the Rhône grower and vintner whose compelling wines have been exalted by critics around the world. The origin of the Terlato & Chapoutier partnership in Australia dates back to 1998, when Chapoutier enthusiastically told Terlato about a top vineyard site in Australia. Located on an eastern-facing slope on the southern edge of the Pyrenees Hills in western Central Victoria, the region’s soil could produce “great wines,” according to Chapoutier. As Terlato recalls at the time, “When Michel asked me to join him, I found it was impossible to say no.”
The result of their collaboration is the Malakoff Vineyard, 500 acres (60 acres planted) located in the Pyrenees region of Victoria, Australia. The estate wine that comes from there, lieu dit Malakoff Shiraz, is made in the Chapoutier tradition: unfiltered and unfined. When wine critic Robert M. Parker sampled a barrel tasting of the 2004 vintage, he called it a “lusty Australian blockbuster,” and awarded it 90-92 points.
Another impressive offering from the Terlato & Chapoutier union is the Shiraz-Viognier. It’s also uniquely blended, using the Côte Rôtie tradition of combining 5% Viognier with Syrah, which produces a spicy, aromatic wine.
“We are not interested in making wines that are anything less than beautiful and provocative,” Chapoutier says. “The vineyard is young but greatness is possible.”
The Wine. Syrah and Viognier form an unlikely partnership (a white-wine grape and a red-wine grape), but a highly successful one nonetheless. The blend first appeared in the northern Rhone Valley, and has now spread to various parts of the New World, most obviously California and Australia. In Australia the Shiraz-Viognier blend is now very well established. It is produced widely in both South Australia (Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale) and Victoria (Yarra Valley), and is increasingly common in New South Wales and Western Australia. In these warmer climes, the super-ripe Viognier adds notes of apricot and ripe peach to the spicy, plummy, full-bodied Shiraz.
The grapes are destemmed and fermented in cement or stainless steel tanks. The maceration lasts 3 weeks in order to give the wine the good tannin structure required for good aging and stability. Some of the Viognier grapes were added during fermentation to fully integrate the flavor and tannins. The wine is aged in tanks with micro-oxygenation. Bottled 10 to 12 months after the harvest.
Winemaker’s Notes #98 Wine Spectator Top 100 of 2014, The 2012 Shiraz-Viognier has deep, intense ruby color and opens up to aromas of vibrant red plum and fruit wood smoke. On the palate, m mouthfilling bright plum and red berry fruits, full bodied but smooth. A spicy Shiraz from the vineyards of Central Victoria is brightened by a boost of Viognier for aroma and balance, as is often practiced in France’s most highly regarded appellation of the Northern Rhône Valley, Côte Rôtie. This wine is a collaborative effort between two renowned wine families: Chapoutier from the Rhône Valley in France, and the Terlato family of Napa Valley in California.
Alcohol: 14 %; Price: $
Expert Ratings:
The Wine. Grapes are harvested at maturity, avoiding over maturation Upon harvest rapes are destemmed and fermented in concrete or stainless steel tanks. A long maceration (from 3 to 5 weeks) and a gentle work on the marc allow the extraction of fine and elegant tannins. The wine is aged in French oak barrels for 12 months. A small proportion of the wine is aged in tanks to preserve the freshness of the flavors.
Dark red color. Complex nose of black fruits (cherry, blackberry) with hints of tobacco (havana cigar). Taste of black fruits and liquorice with supple and delicate tannins Ageing potential: 5+ years.
Alcohol: 13.5 %; Price: $
Expert Ratings: TBA
The Winery. Heathcote is located in the center of Victoria, Australia’s southernmost mainland state, approximately 100 kilometers north of Melbourne. The climate is continental, with warm to hot and generally (very) dry summers, and cool and (sometimes) wet winters). The normally cold nights of autumn help in the retention of natural acidity as the grapes ripen (important in the winemaking process), and the dry summer/autumn climate ensures healthy grapes naturally free of disease. The vineyards are located on a slope overlooking the town of Heathcote, with a north easterly aspect at an altitude of 260 metres. Eucalypt forests border the vineyard on two sides.
Planted in 1971, the original 2 hectares of Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon vines grow on a strip of 500 million year old Cambrian soil- some of the oldest earth on the face of the planet. It’s glorious, vibrantly red, deep, free-draining, mineral rich, eminently favorable to the vine, particularly Shiraz. Further plantings on adjacent blocks have expanded to 14 hectares with some other classic European varieties. The vines are all dry grown with yields of less than 2.5 tonnes per hectare. Individual vineyard wines are made from estate grown fruit only. The vineyards are hand pruned, handpicked, and the wines hand made on site in our dedicated winery.
The Wine.
The wines are made with minimal intervention, allowing the wine to proceed through its natural course, making sure it reflects the full expression of terroir, and as such the wines reflect both a place and a time. Partial whole bunch maceration, wild yeast fermentation, hand plunging in small open top fermenters, basket pressing, partial barrel fermentation, racking by gravity, and no fining or filtration, are all very traditional artisan winemaking strategies employed.
After picking in mid-autumn, natural fermentation on skins takes generally 7 to 14 days, after which the must is pressed directly to small oak barrels. The new wine matures in these same barrels for 8 months where it undergoes a natural secondary fermentation, after which time it is racked into clean barrels in late Spring, for a further period of barrel aging. The wines are racked again a couple of times to enhance clarity, before being bottled after 12 months. These techniques continue and build upon our philosophy of creating wines that reflect the unique Cambrian soil, aspect and climate of Heathcote, wines from a single vineyard in a premium area to equal the best of their type in the world.
Very deep red/purple, opaque colour. Bouquet of cassis, dark berries, some mintiness and chocolate. On the palate big, ripe and intense sweet fruit, chewy tannin texture. Somewhat more restrained than the Shiraz at this stage a wine that will continue to evolve with cellaring for at least a decade.
Alcohol: 14 % ; Price: TBA
Experts Ratings: TBA
Criterio para calificar: Excepcional: 96-100 puntos; Excelente: 90-95 puntos; Muy Bueno: 86-89 puntos; Bueno: 81-85 puntos; Aceptable: 75-80 puntos.
Resumen: El vino Blanco, fue calificado como Muy Bueno con promedio de 88 puntos; el primer tinto también Muy Bueno con una Media de 88 puntos; el Segundo tinto fue calificado lo mismo, como Muy Bueno con un promedio de 89 puntos, el tercero y ultimo tinto, con un promedio de 92 puntos, fue un Excelente vino. En resumen, esta primera degustación del 2015 , fue todo un éxito pues todos los vinos fueron muy bien calificados y desde luego toda una buena experiencia, como lo explican los resultados.
Vinos degustados:
2013 Chapoutier Tournon, Mathilda White,.
Calificacion Media: 88
Desviacion Estandar: 2.5
Mediana: 89
Moda: 89
Impresion General: Este vino fue preparado con un 85% de uvas Viognier y un 15% de Marsanne que le da un profundo y rico sabor. También impresiona mucho su pureza y precisión de sus sabores de especies y pomelo. Considerado como un vino Terroir de Victoria Pyrenees por la perfección y cuidado para su elaboración, que permiten obtener como resultado un delicioso vino, muy bien aceptado , con mucho balance y sabor.
2012 Terlato y Chapoutier Shiraz-Viognier, Domaine Terlato y Chapoutier.
Calificacion Media: 88
Desviacion Estandar: 3.3
Mediana: 88
Moda: 88
Impresion General: Presenta un intenso color rubi, con un fuerte aroma a frutas, ademas de aromas a madera quemada, lo mismo que un buen sabor a ciruelas y berrys. Resulta un vino de elegante y refinado estilo, balanceado y muy aceptado por su agradable sabor.
2011 Say’s Flat Shiraz
Impresion General: Este Segundo vino tinto, presenta características especiales respecto a su preparación, fermentando los frutos en tanques de concreto o de acero con una larga maceración por 3 a 5 semanas con lo que, se logra una extracción de finos y elegantes taninos. Presenta un complejo aroma a frutas con un ligero acento a Tabaco y un color rojo oscuro. Bastante agradable y balanceado.
Desviacion Estandar: 1.9
Moda: 90
Mediana: 89
Calificacion Media: 89
2001 Red Edge – Cabernet Sauvignon , HeathcoteDesviacion Estandar: 1.2Moda: 91
Mediana: 91
Calificacion Media: 92
Impresión General: Se califico como Excelente y el mejor vino de esta degustación, prueba de esto son las calificaciones obtenidas. Es una expresión de Terroir que en su proceso se usa la mas mínima intervención, dejándolo seguir su curso natural y aplicándole una técnica especial. Su impresión es de un sabor muy agradable, aroma especial que lo convierte en un excelente vino, muy bien balanceado y estupendo final muy especial.
Australian Wines. Those interested in reding more about Australian wines please click here for Tasting No. 151 and go to the end of it: https://clubvino1.com/?s=151
This section includes information on Domaine Touron as well as an overview of the Victoria and Queensland regions.
Pyrenees is an Australian wine region in the south-eastern state of Victoria. Dotted with high-quality boutique wineries, the region is the source of many cooler-climate styles of Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc. In this way, Pyrenees mirrors the historic Grampians region lying immediately to the west. One topographical difference is that – despite the name ‘Pyrenees’ – the hills here are actually much lower and more gently sloping than those to the west, and certainly nothing like their namesake in southern France and northern Spain. The hills in question are the very western edge of the Great Dividing Range, which runs the length of Australia’s east coast and then veers westwards into Victoria.
The Pyrenees GI (Geographical Indication), created in June 2000, covers a rectangular area between St. Arnaud in the north and Lexton in the south – a distance of about 50 miles (80km). Vines have been planted in the region for more than 150 years, although Pyrenees showed little consistency as a producer of high-quality wines until the mid to late 20th century. The finer vineyards are found among the southern hills, near Mount Avoca, and sit at relatively low elevations – between 655 and 1475ft (200–450m). See map here http://www.wineaustralia.net.au/en-CA/blog/blog/~/media/0000Apluswines%20site/Canada/VIC%20art.ashx
The climate here is much drier than in the coastal areas to the south, but it does not have the intense heat associated with Victoria’s most northerly vineyards in the Murray Darling wine region. This means that the Pyrenees growing season enjoys high sunshine intensity and duration, but without the summer afternoon burn which can cause vines to shut down entirely. Irrigation is essential as a safeguard against extended periods without rain
In 1997, true to his pioneering spirit, Michel Chapoutier set out to explore the terroirs of the oldest continent. He wanted to meet people, people like him with a passionate interest in bringing out the true character of vines. A matter of convictions, too, prompting discovery and observation. He found land awaiting its revelation. Michel Chapoutier’s aim is to invent properties, not to follow the example of others. Michel Chapoutier buys land and joins forces with major winemaking families, playing on their complementary know-how and experience The result is exceptional Shiraz wines, displaying great elegance and mineral purity. In 2002 he joined forces with Ron and Elva Laughton (Jasper Hill) in central Victoria, and at Heathcote, north of Melbourne, on a very unusual, early Cambrian soil. He has also worked with Rick Kinzbrunner on the Giaconda vineyard at Beechworth, in northeast Victoria, on a granite soil. After a brief experimental joint venture with his US importer (Terlato & Chapoutier), Maison M. Chapoutier bought two other Australian vineyards (Shays Flat and Landsborough) in the Victorian Pyrenees and set up the fully owned Domaine Tournon.
Queensland 
Queensland has about 1500 hectares of vineyards throughout the State. The majority concentrates in the southeast corner of the State. Queensland’s wine industry was not very important until he late 60′s when Ballandean Estate was established in what is now the State’s best known wine growing region, the Granite Belt. The Granite Belt, with altitudes of 700 to 1250 meters above sea level, has a similar temperature range to central Victoria and can produce snow in Queensland. Several Queensland regions producing wines are Brisbane and Scenic Rim, Darling Downs, Gold Coast, Hinterland, North Burnett, Somerset Valley, South Burnett, Sunshine Coast and Western Downs and the famous Granite Belt,
Granite Belt Region. Queensland was considered too close to the tropics and too hot to produce quality wines. But perceptive grape growers and winemakers noted that in the higher altitudes of the ranges running inland, there were cooler climates and rich volcanic soils. The Granite Belt region, being 700 to 1000 meters above sea level does have a significant cooling effect and allows the production of some stunning wines as the grapes of Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Chardonnay and Viognier grow through warm springs and summers and relatively cool autumns. The region is called the ‘Granite Belt’ due to the nature of the terrain. Large granite boulders pepper the landscape, sometimes causing problems during planting. The region’s Geographical Indicator as a wine region in Australia was formally registered in 2000. This area encompasses the high plateau of granite based soils in the southern downs of Queensland.
Victoria
In the 1880’s Victoria was Australia’s largest wine producing state. Phylloxera outbreaks put a temporary halt to production in many areas, which subsequently saw a resurgence of interest in the 1970’s. Victoria is the second smallest state but is home to more individual wineries than any other state in Australia. It also has the greatest diversity of regional climate, which allows for the production of virtually every imaginable wine style from fine sparkling wine, high quality Pinot Noir, savoury Shiraz and the historic fortified wines of Rutherglen.
With over 600 wineries, Victoria has more wine producers than any other Australian wine-producing state but ranks third in overall wine production due to the lack of a mass bulk wine-producing area like South Australia’s Riverland and New South Wales‘s Riverina. Viticulture has existed in Victoria since the 19th century and experienced a high point in the 1890s when the region produced more than half of all wine produced in Australia. The phylloxera epidemic that soon followed took a hard toll on the Victoria wine industry which did not fully recover till the 1950s. Single varietal wines produced in the region include the Australian mainstays of Shiraz and Chardonnay as well as Viognier, Pinot Noir, Graciano and Tannat. The style of wine ranges from full body red wine to Madeira-like fortified wines such as Liqueur Muscat.
Early in Victoria’s wine history, most of the wine industry was settled in the cool southern coastal regions around Melbourne. At the turn of the 20th century, focus began to move to the warmer northeastern zone around Rutherglen. The region began to establish a reputation for its sweet, fortified wines made from late harvest grapes that are shriveled to near raisins and then spend several months (or years) aging in oak barrels stored inside a hot tin shed that acts like an oven. The unique nature of these Liqueur Muscat and Liqueur Tokay helped sustain this part of the Victoria wine industry till the country wide wine renaissance of the 1950-1960s.
Since the 1960s, Australia’s labeling laws have centered on an appellation system that distinguishes the geographic origins of the grape. Under these laws at least 85% of the grapes must be from the region that is designated on the wine label. In the late 1990s more definitive boundaries were established that divided Australia up into Geographic Indications (GI) known as zones, regions and subregions. The wine zones of Victoria are Central Victoria, North East Victoria, North West Victoria, Western Victoria, Port Phillip and Gippsland.
Gippsland. Is one of the newest and least developed wine regions in Victoria. Serious planting did not begin till the late 1970s. Located to the east of the Mornington Peninsula, the region is current dominated with Pinot noir and Chardonnay plantings. Sparkling wine has shown some potential here with the Chardonnay and Pinot noir grapes showing a bit of spiciness that adds complexity to the wine.
Central Victoria. The region is known primarily for an Australian Shiraz-Viognier made in Victoria through a collaboration with Terlato and Chapoutier. It includes several sub–regions:
North East Victoria. Includes several important sub-regions:
Western Victoria. The geography of Western Victoria covers flat pastures and granite escarpment. With low annual rainfall, the area relies heavily on irrigation. Springtime frost is a significant viticulture hazard as is ripening during the cool summers. Winters are normally cold and wet. The far southwest of the west has more of a maritime climate.
Port Phillip. The Port Phillip zone includes the five regions clustered around Melbourne. The climate of this more closely resembles Bordeaux than in other Australia wine regions yet it is more thoroughly planted with Burgundy wine varieties like a Pinot noir and Chardonnay. Other areas are planted with Shiraz. This region incudes several Goegrafical Indications (GI):
Wines presenters: Mario Aguilar, Rolando Castañeda
Participants: Mario Aguilar, Rolando Castaneda, Alfonso Caycedo, Ruth Connolly, Clara Estrada, Jorge Garcia-Garcia, Emilio Labrada, Alvaro Lopez, Orlando Mason, Ítalo Mirkow, Alfonso Sanchez, Jairo Sanchez, Ginger Smart, Carlos E. Velez, Ricardo Zavaleta, German Zincke.
Type of Tasting: Open
The wines for this tasting belong to the type “Meritage” and all are from the West Coast of USA. The term stands for USA red or white blends. In 1988 group of Napa Valley vintners decided to create the Meritage Association to respond to the increasing demand for Bordeax-type wines in the US market and to fill the need to have a brand name for high-quality American blends . Americans were more used to consume varietals than blends. Now this is no longer the case. The existing regulations required that red wines contain at least 75% of a specific grape to be labeled after that varietal but there was no label for the blends. “Meritage”, — a combination of merit and heritage is meant to fill that vacuum. It’s a blend made from grapes that come from Bordeaux and there are some well-known varieties : Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Malbec, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Carmenere and Semillon. And, some no so well known varieties: St. Macaire, Gros Verdot (red) and Muscadelle du Bordolais(white). The producer can make a red Meritage or a white one. The blend rule is that it must include at least two of these varieties and no single variety should make up more than 90% of the blend. These are red Bordeax-type blends subjet to the rules of Meritage . You can read more about meritage at www.meritagealliance.com .
The wines selected are:
Conundrum White was first introduced in 1989. This unique, non-traditional white wine blend was created to offer full-flavored fruit and enough complexity to match a wide array of cuisines. A varietal combination that includes Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Muscat Canelli, Semillon and Viognier with a taste profile that is best described as exotic. It is distinctive for its ripe, complex array of flavors, focusing on pear, peach and melon. Picks up notes of citrus on the crisp, yet lush and creamy finish. Conundrum is a true California wine, with grapes sourced from Napa, Monterey, Santa Barbara and Tulare counties.
Alcohol: 14%; Price: $20
Expert Ratings: TBA
The blend includes Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Syrah and a dash of Malbec. This wine is powerful and filling. Aromas of cinnamon, plum, sweet oak, black olives, cherries and ground coffee entice you and the mouth-watering flavors of cranberries, ripe red fruits, white chocolate and smoky-sweet herbs are wrapped in delicious hints of vanilla from the accent of our 10% new American Oak (the rest of the barrels are French Oak, 40% new). The 2010 Fraternity is approachable and balanced and is the perfect pairing for most foods.
The 2014 World Wine Championships: “Opaque garnet black color. Resonant aromas of currant jam and honey butter on toast and light menthol tobacco with a silky, dry-yet-fruity medium-to-full body and a tangy, brown spice, earth, and nut skin accented finish with chewy tannins.
Alcohol: 14.5%; Price: $45
Expert Ratings: TBA
2008 Otis Kenyon Walla Walla Valley
The Wine is a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. Aromas of raspberry, cherry, cassis, dried roses and rubbed sage. Flavors reflect the deep, focused Cabernet and minerally, terrior-driven Merlot with notes of licorice, chocolate and French roast. Cabernet Sauvignon typically provides the blend’s structure, in terms of both tannins and acids. It also brings dark-fruit flavors of blackcurrant and bell pepper. Merlot is generally considered the juicer, “fatter” variety; it has less structure, but is generous with its palate weight and fruit flavors. This is visibly reflected in the vineyard, by Merlot’s larger, plumper berries, whose thinner skins give a lower skin to juice ratio.
Walla Walla is an AVA in the southeastern corner of Washington state, stretching across the border into Oregon. Vineyards can be found on either side of the border in the hills that surround the Walla Walla River, a tributary of the larger Columbia River. The sunny, dry climate of the valley is well suited to the Bordeaux Blend varieties Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, as well as Syrah.
Alcohol: %; Price: $30
Expert Ratings: TBA
Criterio para calificar:
Excepcional: 96-100 puntos; Excelente: 90-95 puntos; Muy Bueno: 86-89 puntos; Bueno: 81-85 puntos; Aceptable: 75-80 puntos.
Tipo de Degustación: Abierta
El primer vino Blanco, fue calificado como Excelente con Average de 91 puntos; el primer tinto, como Muy Bueno con una Media de 88 puntos y el segundo (tinto) ultimo vino, tambien como excelente con una calificacion media de 90 puntos. En resumen todos fueron muy bien calificados.
Vinos degustados:
2012 Connundrum White. Californiano con uvas de Napa, Monterey, Santa Barbara y Tulare.
Calificacion Media: 91
Desviacion Estandar: 2.3
Mediana: 90
Moda: 90
Impresion General: Es un Blend muy bien calificado cuya mezcla de las sepas: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Muscat Canelli, Semillon y Viognier, termina en un blend algo exotico. Tiene un complejo sabor a frutas como peras, melocotones y melones. Fue introducido en 1989 y se distingue mucho por su final agradable y muy bien balanceado.
2008 Otis Kenyon – Walla Walla Valley.
Desviacion Estandar: 3.6
Mediana: 88
Moda: 88
Impresion General: Muy buen vino, es un sabroso Blend de Cabernet Sauvignon y Merlot, con aromas de raspberry, cherry y rosas secas. El cabernet Sauvignon es muy tipico para establecer la estructura de los blends en terminos de ambos, los taninos y los acidos. El Cabernet Sauvignon y el Merlot son dos de los mas famosos y de mayores cosechas de uvas para los vinos. Este par forman las fundaciones de muchos de los grandes vinos de Bordeaux, detallan y muestran una agradable sensacion achocolatada.
2010 IV Sons Fraternity – Napa Valley. San Francisco California.
Cificacion Media: 90
Desviacion Estandar: 2.4
Mediana: 90
Moda: 92
Impresion General: Causa gran impresion, es un vino muy acceptado, con un color rojo oscuro un rico sabor y agradable aroma. Entre sus sabores se distinguen las frutas rojas y el chocolate blanco, muy bien balanceado, excelente sabor con un final fuerte y agradable al paladar.
El mejor: Conundrum White Blend
USA WEST COAST WINES
Information taken from Wikipedia
CALIFORNIA BLENDED WINES
The more liberal wine regulations of the New World don’t stipulate that grapes grown in different regions cannot be blended together. hence the “California” appellation on many bottles. Most of these wines are made by corporations producing large quantities. The smaller producer tends to carefully choose grapes from their estate vineyards, or from their surrounding appellation. So when one of these winemakers decides to make a blend, the grapes at hand are usually different varietals, all from the same region. Inherent to California culture, many winemakers are willing to take it a step further and have a little fun. These wines are all blends – some of traditional varietals that one would find in France, and some combinations that were thought up by ingeniously creative minds. There are small Rhone producers in the Russian River region, some larger more well-known brands of the Napa Valley, and mavericks on the Central Coast making both red and white blends. It’s a trend that is crossing many lines and breaking down boundaries with every vintage.
California is very geologically diverse region and is equally varied in the range of climates and terroirs that can be found. Most of the state’s wine regions are found between the Pacific coast and the Central Valley. The Pacific Ocean and large bays, like San Francisco Bay serve as tempering influences to the wine regions nearby providing cool winds and fog that balance the heat and sunshine. Winters are mild with little threat of frost damage.
While California’s wine regions can be generally classified as having a Mediterranean climate, there are also regions with more continental climates. Proximity to the Pacific or bays as well as unobstructed access to the cool currents that come off them will dictate the relative coolness of the wine region. Areas surrounded by mountain barriers, like some parts of Sonoma and Napa counties will be warmer due to the lack of this cooling influence. The soil types and landforms of California vary greatly, having been influenced by the plate tectonics of the North American and Pacific Plates. In some areas the soils can be so diverse that vineyards will establish blocks of the same vine variety planted on different soils for purpose of identifying different blending components. This diversity is one of the reasons why California has so many different and distinct American Viticultural Areas.
Main Viticulture Regions of California
The wine regions of California are often divided into 4 main regions:
New World wine styles .
The style of California Cabernet Sauvignon that first put California on the world’s wine map at the Judgment of Paris is still a trademark style today. The wines are known for their concentration of fruits, which produces lush, rich wines. Merlot became widely planted in the 1990s due to its wide popularity, and is still the highest selling of all varietal wines in the country. Many sites that were ill suited for the grape began to produce harsh, characterless wines trying to model Cabernet. Until being passed by Cabernet in 1998, Primitivo was the most widely planted red wine grape in California. This was due in part to the wide popularity of White Zinfandel. Despite being made from the same grape, the only similarity between White and Red Zinfandel is the name. Primitivo is a powerful, fruity wine with high levels of acidity and a jammy type flavor. White Zinfandel is a thin, slightly sweet blush wine. While the grape does have European origins, Zinfandel is considered a unique American style grape.
OREGON WINES
Like other wines produced in the United States, Oregon wines are marketed as varietals. Oregon law requires that wines produced in the state must be identified by the grape variety from which it was made, and for most varietals it must contain at least 90% of that variety. The exceptions to the 90% law are the following varietals: Red and White Bordeaux varietals, Red and White Rhône varietals, Sangiovese, Tempranillo, Zinfandel and Tannat. For these wines, they follow the Federal guidelines of 75%. Oregon law has long forbidden use of place names, except as appellations of origin. Oregon is most famous for its Pinot Noir, which is produced throughout the state. Pinot noirs from the Willamette Valley have received much critical acclaim from wine connoisseurs and critics, and Oregon is regarded as one of the premier Pinot-producing regions in the world.
In 2005, the top five varieties planted in Oregon were Pinot noir 7,974 acres, Pinot gris 1,184 acres, Chardonnay 842 acres and Merlot 550 acres. Other varieties with significant production in Oregon include Cabernet Sauvignon, Gewürztraminer, Müller-Thurgau, Pinot blanc, Sauvignon blanc, Sémillon, and Syrah. V. vinifera based wines produced in smaller quantities include Arneis, Baco noir, Cabernet franc, Chenin blanc, Dolcetto, Gamay noir, Grenache, Marechal Foch, Malbec, Muscat, Nebbiolo, Petite Syrah, Sangiovese, Tempranillo, Viognier, and Zinfandel. The state also produces sparkling wine, late harvest wine, ice wine, and dessert wine.
Major wine-producing regions
There are, loosely speaking, three main wine producing regions with a major presence in the state of Oregon, as defined by non-overlapping American Viticultural Areas. Two of them—the Willamette Valley AVA and the Southern Oregon AVA—are wholly contained within Oregon; a third, the Columbia Gorge AVA straddles the Columbia River and includes territory in both Oregon and Washington; however, this AVA is considered to be an Oregon AVA.
Willamette Valley AVA. The Willamette Valley AVA is the wine growing region which encompasses the Willamette Valley. It stretches from the Columbia River in the north to just south of Eugene in the south, where the Willamette Valley ends; and from the Oregon Coast Range in the West to the Cascade Mountains in the East. At 5,200 square miles it is the largest AVA in the state, and contains most of the state’s wineries, approximately 200 as of 2006.
The climate of Willamette Valley is mild year-round, with cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers; extreme temperatures are uncommon. Most rainfall occurs outside the growing season and the valley gets relatively little snow. The region is best known for its Pinot noir, and also produces large amounts of Pinot Gris, Riesling, and Chardonnay
Southern Oregon
The Southern Oregon AVA, which was formed as the union of two existing AVAs—the Rogue Valley AVA and the Umpqua Valley AVA. This AVA was established in 2004 to allow the two principal regions in Southern Oregon to jointly market themselves.[
WASHINGTON STATE WINES
Washington State ranks second in the United States in the production of wine, behind only California. By 2011, the state had over 43,000 acres and over 740 wineries located in the state. While there are some viticulture activities in the cooler, wetter western half of the state, the majority (99.9%) of wine grape production takes place in the shrub-steppe eastern half. The rain shadow of the Cascade Range leaves the Columbia River Basin with around 8 inches (200 mm) of annual rain fall, making irrigation and water rights of paramount interest to the Washington wine industry. Viticulture in the state is also influenced by long sunlight hours (on average, two more hours a day than in California during the growing season) and consistent temperatures.
Washington has twelve federally defined American Viticultural Areas with all but one located in Eastern Washington. The largest AVA is the Columbia Valley AVA, which extends into a small portion of northern Oregon and encompasses most of the other Washington AVAs. These include the Walla Walla Valley AVA, the Horse Heaven Hills AVA, the Wahluke Slope AVA, Lake Chelan AVA, Naches Heights AVA, and the Yakima Valley AVA, which in turn also encompasses the Rattlesnake Hills AVA, Snipes Mountain AVA and the Red Mountain AVA. The Columbia Gorge AVA is west of the Columbia Valley AVA. Washington’s only AVA located west of the Cascades is the Puget Sound AVA.
Geography and climate
The rain shadow created by the Cascade Mountains keeps the wet, marine influence of the Puget Sound and Pacific Ocean from affecting the dry, desert-like conditions of Eastern Washington.
The Cascade Mountain range serves as a dividing line between the wet, marine influenced climate of the western part of the state and the drier, desert-like climate of the eastern half. The mountains themselves create the arid desert-like conditions with a more continental climate in Eastern Washington and heightens the roles of rivers—most notably the Walla Walla, Yakima, Snake and Columbia River—in the region’s viticulture. In addition to providing vital irrigation sources, the rivers also help to moderate temperatures during the winter.
The state’s northerly location above the 46ºF parallel north allows Washington’s major wine growing regions to experience 17 hours of sunlight in the summer—two more hours of sunlight during the peak of growing season than what California sees further south. During the growing season Eastern Washington experiences a wide diurnal temperature variation which allows the fruit to fully ripen while the cool nights help the vines to shut down, allowing the grape to maintain natural levels of acidity.
Viticulture
Viticulture in Washington State is deeply influenced by the use of irrigation and the water rights associated with suitable vineyard land. Sourced from the major rivers that run through the area, most vineyards in Eastern Washington are irrigated. The ever present threat of severe winter frost has influenced viticulture practices, including the adoption of wind turbines to churn and circulate air in the vineyard. In the late 20th century, many producers began adapting Russian vine-training techniques for fan-training which promotes better air circulation among the vine so cold air doesn’t settle on the vine. Along with many other New World wine regions, viticulture in Washington is highly mechanized with nearly 80% of each years harvest being mechanically harvested.
Geography
Geographically and viticulturally, Washington is divided into sections separated by the Cascade Mountain chain. The cooler and wetter Western Washington is responsible for less than 1% of the state’s wine production and is home to the Puget Sound American Viticultural Area (AVA)-. The warmer, drier eastern part of the state is home to the vast Columbia Valley, which extends south into Oregon. The Columbia Valley AVA is further divided into several smaller AVAs including Yakima Valley, Walla Walla Valley, Red Mountain, Wahluke Slope, Horse Heaven Hills, Rattlesnake Hills and Snipes Mountain. To the north in the larger Columbia Valley AVA is the Lake Chelan AVA and two pending AVAs (the Ancient Lakes AVA in the north central part of the state and one around Wenatchee on the Columbia River). On the westernmost side of the Columbia Valley in central Washington is the newest AVA, Naches Heights. West of the Columbia Valley is the Columbia Gorge AVA which, along with the Walla Walla AVA, is also shared with Oregon.
Grape varieties
The early Washington wine industry focused predominately on white wines but in recent years, led by the “Merlot-craze” of the 1990s have shifted the focus to the state’s red wines. Chardonnay also experienced a surge of interest in the 1990s and along with Riesling are among the most widely planted grape varieties in the state. While the acreage of Riesling has been steadily declining, there has been renewed interest in the grape in recent years. Jancis Robinson have noted that Washington state consistently produces white wines of exceptional quality, specifically mentioning those of the Semillon variety. Merlot was one of the first major vitis vinifera varieties to garner international attention for the state with its distinctive earthiness and structure that can be very different from the softer, plusher styles found in California. However the Merlot vine is very sensitive to frost and after significant damages during major winter freezes in 1996 & 2003, more vintners turned their attention to the hardier Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc. This led to interest in Bordeaux-style blends. In the early 21st century, Syrah has emerged on the scene as a major player.
Today there are over 80 grape varieties grown in Washington state, but the primary grapes used in the production of wine are from the Vitis vinifera family of grapes. The main grapes used in wine production in Washington are Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling, Chardonnay, Merlot, and Syrah. There are also plantings of Cabernet Franc, Grenache, Malbec, Pinot gris, Sauvignon blanc, Semillon, Tempranillo, Viognier, Barbera, Chenin blanc, Gewürztraminer, Nebbiolo, Petite Sirah, Pinot noir, Sangiovese, and Zinfandel. Vineyard acreage dedicated to red varieties was 17,351 acres in 2006. The four most prevalent red varieties were Cabernet Sauvignon at 5,959 acres, Merlot at 5,853 acres, Syrah at 2,831 acres, and Cabernet Franc at 1,157 acres. Vineyard acreage planted to white varieties was 13,649 acres. The four most prevalent white varieties were Chardonnay at 5,992 acres, Riesling at 4,404 acres, Sauvignon blanc at 993, and Gewürztra miner at 632 acres.
Wines presenters: Jorge García, Italo Mirkow
Participants:
Mario Aguilar, Marcello Averburg, Hugo Benito, Rolando Castañeda, Juan Luis Colaiacovo, Ruth Connoly, Clara Estrada, Jorge Garcia-Garcia, Emilio Labrada, Orlando Mason, Pedro Turina, Raúl Sanguinetti, Ricardo Zavaleta.
Type of Tasting: Open
This tasting aims at exploring Spain’s varieties less known that the traditional Tempranillo and its clones. The presenters choose wines made of Monastrell, Garnacha and Carignan. The wines selected are:
(La información que se suministra a continuación proviene principalmente de Wikipedia y de Wine-searcher.com).
Cava is a Spanish sparkling wine made in the traditional method of the French sparkling wine Champagne. The definition of Cava is Vino Espumoso de Calidad Producido en una Región Determinada (VECPRD). It originated in the Catalonia region at the Codorníu Winery in the late 19th century. The wine was originally known as Champaña until Spanish producers officially adopted the term “Cava” (cellar) in 1970 in reference to the underground cellars in which the wines ferment and age in the bottle. The early Cava industry was nurtured by the phylloxera epidemic of the late 19th century, which caused the destruction and uprooting of vineyards planted with red grape varieties. Inspired by the success of Champagne, Codorníu and others encouraged vineyard owners to replant with white grape varieties like Macabeo, Parellada and Xarel·lo to use for sparkling wine production. These grapes are still the primary grapes of Cava today though some producers are experimenting with the use of the Champagne wine grapes of Chardonnay and Pinot noir.[10]
For most of its existence, the production of Cava was not regulated to a particular region of DO but rather to the grapes and method of production. Upon Spain’s acceptance into the European Union in 1986, efforts were undertaken to designate specific areas for Cava production. Today use of the term “Cava” is restricted to production around select municipalities in Catalonia, Aragon, Castile and León, Valencia, Extremadura, Navarra, Basque Country and Rioja. Around 95% of Spain’s total Cava production is from Catalonia, with the village of Sant Sadurní d’Anoia being home to many of Spain’s largest production houses.
Wine: 2008 Bodegas Del Rosario Bullas Tesoro Selección Bullas
Region: Bullas, Murcia, Spain
Grape Varieties: Monastrell (Mourvedre) 75%, Syrah 25%
Wino4Life Category: Everyday Wine
Aeration before tasting: Just a swirl or two, no special aeration.
Bullas is a DO (Denominación de Origen) wine region in the southern part of the Murcia province in south-eastern Spain. This location makes Bullas the southernmost DO wine zone in the Levante (the traditional, collective name for Murcia its northern neighbor, Valencia).The Bullas DO title was created in 1994, and is managed by its own Consejo Regulador (wine authority). It’s named for the small, ancient town of that name, located at the heart of official Bullas viticultural area. Although the area only gained n official DO title relatively recently, it has a long history of winemaking. It is best-known for its rosé and red wines, particularly those made in the fresh, vibrant joven style.
Bullas has a similar climate to Murcia’s other wine regions, with the Mediterranean effects marginalized by the hot, dry conditions of the central Iberian plateau. Summer days tend to be very hot, with temperatures regularly rising to 104°F (40°C). Higher-altitude vineyards in the region’s hilly north-west are noticeably cooler, and it is here that grapes are grown for the majority of Bullas wines. Winters all over Bullas tend to be cooler than in other parts of Murcia, because of the mountain influences, which means that occasional frosts are a threat. Most vineyards sit between 1,650ft and 2,700ft (approx 500-810m) above sea level. The soils here are often so hard they have to be broken up by mechanical means before vines can be planted. This effort is well rewarded, with limestone and chalk soils providing good drainage in the higher areas and alluvial and limestone soils in lower-lying parts also offering good drainage. This is essential, as torrential rains and storms can hit Bullas in September and October.
Monastrell reigns supreme in Bullas and is responsible for the DO’s signature fruity red wines. It accounts for 60% of the vines here. Traditionally, most of these were drunk joven (young), but since Bullas attained its appellation status, many adventurous producers have successfully experimented with maturing the best wines in American oak barrels.
The Monastrell Grape
Monastrell is known under several names. Monastrell is used in Spain and Mourvèdre is the name used in France, where it is also known as Etrangle-Chien. There are 95 other names, including Mataró, which is used in Portugal and parts of the New World. Mourvèdre (as it appears in Wikipedia) is a red wine grape variety that is grown in many regions around the world including the Rhône and Provence regions of France, the Valencia and Jumilla denominación de origens of Spain, California and Washington State and the Australian regions of South Australia and New South Wales. In addition to making red varietal wines, Mourvèdre is a prominent component in “GSM” (Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvedre) blends. The variety is also used to make rosé and port-style fortified wines. Mourvèdre tends to produce tannic wines that can be high in alcohol. The style of wine produced from the grapes varies greatly according to where it is produced, but according to wine expert Jancis Robinson Mourvèdre wines often have wild game and/or earthy notes to them, with soft red fruit flavors.
Most wine historians agree that Mourvèdre is likely Spanish in origin though its exact history is difficult to pinpoint. The variety was probably introduced to Catalonia by the Phoenicians around 500 BC. The French-adapted name Mourvèdre likely came from Murviedro (Mourvèdre in Catalan, nowadays Sagunt) near Valencia while the Spanish name Mataró likely came from Mataró, Cataluña near the modern-day city of Barcelona. Despite this close association with Murviedro and Mataró, the grape became known in Spain as Monastrell for reasons that are still unknown.
While it likely arrived earlier, Mourvèdre had a well-established presence in Roussillon region of France by at least the 16th century where it spread eastwards towards Provence and the Rhone. There it had a well-established foothold until the phylloxera epidemic of the mid to late 19th century decimated plantings. Mourvèdre arrived in California in the 1860s as part of the Pellier collection.[4] The variety, known as Mataro, was used primarily for bulk produced jug wines. In the 1990s, critically acclaimed bottlings from Bonny Doon Vineyard and Cline Cellars Winery promoted increase demand in the variety and by the mid-2000s, plantings of Mourvèdre in California had risen to 260 ha (650 acres). In Australia, the variety (known there as Mataro) has had a long history in the country with plantings dating back to the mid-19th century. While historically the variety was used mainly as an anonymous blending grape in fortified wines, the variety saw a rise in interest in the 1990s as producers started receiving acclaim for GSM (Grenache, Syrah, and Mourvedre) blends (many from the surviving, low yield old vine plantings).
According to ampelographer Pierre Galet Mourvèdre thrives in warm climates as the variety has a tendency to both bud and ripen very late. While the variety can recover well from late spring frost due to the late budding, it is can be very temperature sensitive throughout its growing season with even low winter temperatures affecting its dormancy. Though the grape can adapt to a variety of vineyard soil types, the most ideal sites are very warm, south facing (Northern hemisphere) slopes with shallow, clay soils that can retain the necessary moisture to keep the vines “feet” wet without letting it grow its foliage too vigorously. In addition to a warm climate, Mourvèdre also does best in a dry climate with sufficient wind to protect it from the viticultural hazards of powdery mildew and downy mildew.
The harvest window for the grape tends to be very short once it reaches peak ripeness, with acidity rapidly fallen and the grapes soon desiccating and developing “prune-y” flavors. One advantage of the thick skins is that Mourvèdre can withstand late harvest rains without the berries swelling and bursting like thinner skin varieties such as Grenache.
In Spain, Mourvèdre (where the grape is known as Monastrell) was the fourth most widely planted red wine grape variety at the turn of the 21st century with around 63,000 hectares (155,000 acres) in 2004. Like many other Spanish varieties, its numbers have been declining in recent years (in 1996 there was over 100,000 ha/250,000 of the vine planted in Spain) as growers pull up older plantings and replant them with popular international varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay.
Growing Mourvedre is not recommended for vignerons without a great deal of patience. The vines take several years before they begin to produce fruit of any quality – sometimes five years can pass before a Mourvedre vine yields its first harvest. The variety is also a late ripener, one of the very last to be picked. In the coastal hills of Provence (particularly around Bandol), Mourvedre is deliberately planted on warmer, south-facing slopes to speed up the ripening process, while Syrah and Grenache are planted on cooler, north-facing slopes.
Monsant- Tarragona, Province Cataluña. Contains 47% Garnatxa from 70-year-old vines, 22% Carignan from 50-year-old vines, with the balance Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Tempranillo
The Garnacha y Cariñena (Carignan) Varieties .
Garnacha, also known as Grenache, is a red-wine grape grown extensively in France, Spain, Australia and the United States. It is a particularly versatile both in the vineyard and the winery, which may explain why it is one of the most widely distributed grapes in the world.
Grenache is the French (and most internationally recognized) name for the grape, but it has a number of synonyms. In Spain, where it is grown extensively, it is known as Garnacha, and on the island of Sardinia it has been known for centuries as Cannonau. Some believe that the grape originated in Sardinia, and was taken back to Spain by the Aragonese, who occupied the island in the 14th Century.
In Spain, Garnacha is the second most planted red wine grape variety. It is outplanted only by its modern blending partner, Tempranillo. In the 1980s and 1990s, Grenache’s status was reduced, but it survived efforts to eradicate it, returning to international favor in the 21st Century. It is grown in almost every area of Spain, but most notably in the north and east. The arrival of the grapevine pest phylloxera to the Iberian Peninsula, in the 19th Century, brought unexpected benefits to Garnacha; as the native vines were devastated (Rioja was particularly badly affected) it was robust Garnacha that replenished the vineyards and helped to re-energize the wine industry.
Grenache berries have thin skin and ripen late in the growing season. Acid and tannins can be variable depending on growing conditions and cropping levels, but tend towards the low-medium end of the spectrum. However, old-vine Grenache grown in schist or stone, such as in Priorat and Chateauneuf-du-Pape, can produce profoundly concentrated wines capable of aging over many decades.
Produced as varietal wine, Grenache exhibits rich, spicy, berry flavors, particularly raspberry.
Synonyms include: Grenache Noir, Garnacha Tinta, Garnatxa, Lladoner, Tinto Aragones, Cannonau, Alicante, Granaccia, Tocai Rosso.
Cariñena, also known as Carignan, Mazuelo, Bovale Grande, , Samsó, and Carignane is a red Spanish/French wine grape variety widely planted throughout the western Mediterranean and around the globe. Along with Aramon, it was once considered one of the main grapes responsible for France’s wine lake and was a substantial producer in jug wine production in California’s Central Valley.
Ampelographers believe that the grape likely originated in Cariñena, Aragón, and was later transplanted to Sardinia, elsewhere in Italy, France, Algeria, and much of the New World. Carignan was likely introduced to Sardinia sometime between 1323-1720 when the island was under the influence of the Crown of Aragon; here the grape developed in isolation to form distinct clones under the synonyms Bovale di Spagna and Bovale Grande. The varietal was historically a component of Rioja‘s red wine blend. From Spain, it gained prominence in Algeria and fed that country’s export production to France. The popularity of Carignan was largely tied to its ability to produce very large yields in the range of 200 hl/ha (11 tons/acre).
In winemaking, the grape is often used as a deep coloring component in blends, rather than being made in a varietal form with some exceptions. Carignan can be a difficult variety for winemakers to work with being naturally high in acidity, tannins and astringency which requires a lot of skill to produce a wine of finesse and elegance. Syrah and Grenache are considered its best blending partners being capable of performing a softer wine with rustic fruit and perfume.
Vines were first introduced to the area by the Romans thousands of years ago, and Catholic monks continued the viticultural tradition during the Middle Ages. By the 19th Century, wines from Montsant were receiving praise at universal exhibitions.
The Montsant Region
(Taken from Wine-Searcher and Wikipedia)
Montsant is a wine region in Catalonia, northern Spain. The gently undulating area was formerly categorized as a viticultural sub-zone of Tarragona, but local growers felt the high-altitude vineyards here earned the region recognition as a DO in their own right. As a result, the Montsant DO was created in 2001, its name taken from the Montsant massif (‘holy mountain’) that dominates the region’s landscape. Montsant lies west of Tarragona city and forms a ‘C’ shape that almost completely surrounds the prestigious Priorat region. The vineyards extend along the mountainsides among olive groves, forests and rocky outcrops. The denomination covers the area of Priorat comarca that is not part of DOQ Priorat as well as part of the neighboring comarca of Ribera d’Ebre. In total, 17 villages are included.
Montsant has earned a reputation for its high-quality red wines, particularly those based on old Garnacha and Cariñena (Carignan) vines. Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo), Spain’s darling, and international varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah also perform very well here. Most red wines are typically intended for aging and exhibit velvety textures even after a short time in oak. The old vines offer particularly complex examples.
Praise for Montsant’s high-quality wines is getting louder as the international market realizes the region’s potential.
Montsant DO almost completely surrounds the more famous Priorat (DOQ). The region has 57 wineries and 1857 has of vineyards. Approximately 94% of the production is of red wine with 62% exported, 28% consumed in Catalonia, and 10% sold to the rest of Spain
Food and wine matching suggestions (from wine-searcher):Europe: Polbo a feira (octopus with olive oil and paprika) (rosé); roasted squab (pigeon) with quince purée; black forest cake (schwarzwälder kirschtorte) (fortified)Asia: Tuna tataki (rosé); beetroot curry (thel-dala)Americas: beef, potato and cheese stew (locro)Australasia/Oceania: Lamb cutletsAfrica/Middle East: Spicy lamb meatballs in a tomato and cilantro sauce
prepared by the the Club Secretary Ricardo Zavaleta.
Criterio para calificar:
Excepcional: 96-100 puntos; Excelente: 90-95 puntos; Muy Bueno: 86-89 puntos; Bueno: 81-85 puntos; Aceptable: 75-80 puntos.
Tipo de Degustación: Abierta
Resumen:
El primer vino, Blanco fue calificado como Muy Bueno con Average de 87 puntos; el primer tinto, como muy Bueno con una Media de 88 puntos y el segundo (tinto) ultimo vino, tambien como Muy Bueno con una calificacion media de 89 puntos. En resumen todos fueron calificados de Muy Buenos.
Vinos degustados:
Calificacion Media: 87
Desviacion Estandar: 4.2
Mediana: 87
Moda: 87
Impresion General: Es un Blend muy bien calificado cuya mezcla de las sepas: Macabeo, Xarello y Parellada, resulta un producto muy elegante en su aroma, sabor y frescura. Es un vino blanco seco de un sabor afrutado y un agradable final. Muy bien balanceado.
Calificacion Media: 88
Desviacion Estandar: 3.5
Mediana: 88
Moda: 88
Impresion General: Excelente vino, las sepas para la elaboracion de este son de mucha edad asi: 70 anos de vejez para la Garnacha, 50 anos para la Carignen y cerca de 25 anos para las otras variedades, que componen este blend. Hay muchas caracteristicas buenas resultantes de esta combinacion de un color rojo violeta, excelente aroma y final largo. Aroma agradable afrutado y especies, que detallan una agradable sensacion.
Calificacion Media: 89
Desviacion Estandar: 2.0
Mediana: 89
Moda: 89
Impresion General: Gran impresion, es un vino muy acceptable, con un color rojo oscuro, elaborado con uvas selectas que son: Monastrell (Mourvedre) y Syrah. Los suelos de sus plantaciones son muy duros y hay que usar maquinaria para plantar las vides, son madurados en barricas de Madera de roble. Bastante bien balanceado excelente sabor con un final fuerte y agradable al paladar.
El Mejor Vino: Tesoro de Bullas – Selección Bodegas del Rosario – 2008 Murcia.

Wines presenters: Ginger Smart, Ruth Connolly
Tasting Type: Blind for the reds
Participants: Hugo Benito, Alfonso Caycedo, Ruth Connolly, Clara Estrada, Jaime Estupiñan, Jorge Garcia-Garcia, Emilio Labrada, Alvaro Lopez, Orlando Mason, Alfonso Sanchez, Jairo Sanchez, Pedro Turina, Ginger Smart, Carlos E. Velez, Ricardo Zavaleta, German Zincke.
The wines presented all Italian blends.
The wines selected for ” Degustación No. 159″ come from three of Italy’s 14 designated wine regions, namely Tuscany, Tre Venezie and Umbria. The second of these regions has three sub-regions — The Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige, and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. All three are located in Northern Italy and all produce blends. The information presented was taken from a web site called The Wine Searcher ( www.wine-searcher.com ) that also has information on many other regions.
1. Lobster Bisque
2. Pasta Linguini “Steve Yeonas”
3. Lamb in Rosemary Sauce with Mashed Potatoes and Buttered Carrot Coins.
4. Postre y cafe
The wines selected for this tasting are:
The product of a careful “terroir” study and one of its vineyard’s most innovative products, this fresh strong-bodied dry white wine comes from the dry-farmed hillside Chianciano vineyard of Central Truscany. Pleasantly fruity and elegantly aromatic. Its multiple grape composition (chardonnay 40%, grechet’to 30%, sauvignon blanc 30%) enables this prize-winning wine to shine as an appetizer.
Alcohol 12.5%
Price: $16
Members Ratings/ Comments: TBA
Plucked from the Mezzomonte estate’s 40 year-old vines in the village of Ferrazze, Municipality of San Martino Buon Albergo, this wine’s blend of Corvina, Corvinone and Rondinella grapes combines youth and old age. The freshness of Valpolicella combines with the austere sagacity of the lees of Amarone to create a wine in which fruitiness and spiciness encounter exceptional mellowness and tannicity in an extremely elegant whole with great ageing potential.
Alcohol 14%
Price: $15
Members Ratings/ Comments: TBA
Made from selected grapes with six months of oak barrel time, this ruby red dry and slightly acidic wine pairs harmoniously with meat and cheese-backed dishes. Composed of sagrantino (80%) and merlot grapes (20%) , the wine was bottled by ICRF PG 2895 in Soligno, Italy. Red wines in the styles Normale, Frizzante, Passito and Novello are produced throughout the region of Umbria.
Alcohol 14%
Price: $18
Criterio para calificar:
Excepcional: 96-100 puntos; Excelente: 90-95 puntos; Muy Bueno: 86-89 puntos; Bueno: 81-85 puntos; Aceptable: 75-80 puntos.
El primer vino, Blanco fue calificado como Muy Bueno con Average de 89 puntos; el primer tinto, como Excelente con una Media de 91 puntos y el segundo (tinto) ultimo vino, como Muy Bueno con una calificacion media de 88 puntos. En resumen todos fueron muy bien calificados.
Vinos degustados:
Calificacion Media: 89
Desviacion Estandar: 1.3
Mediana: 90
Moda: 90
Impresion General: Es uno de los productos mas innovativos elaborado despues de un cuidadoso estudio, resulta un producto de mucha frescura y fuerte cuerpo. Es un vino blanco seco de un placer a frutas y con mucha elegancia. Elaborado con tres diferentes tipos de uvas y bien balanceado.
Calificacion Media: 91
Desviacion Estandar: 3.2
Mediana: 91
Moda: 89
Impresion General: Excelente vino que arranca del Estado de Mezzomonte, desde hace 40 anos. Es un blend preparado con Corvina, Corvinone y Rondinella, con una combinacion de uvas viejas y jovenes. Un aroma agradable a frutas y especies, una combinacion muy sagaz que resulta en una extrema elegancia y un gran potencial de sabores.
Calificacion Media: 88
Desviacion Estandar: 3.4
Mediana: 88
Moda: 83
Impresion General: Rosso Dell’Alunno es un vino muy acceptable, elaborado con uvas selectas con seis meses en barriles de oak, con un color rojo rubi, seco y con una ligera acidez. Preparado con dos tipos de uvas (Sagrantina y Maerlot) y bueno para degustarlo con carnes y quesos.
El Mejor Vino: 2009 Corte Adami, The Veneto(a part of of the tres Vinizies) Pinot Noir,
History
Although vines had been cultivated from the wild Vitis vinifera grape for millennia, it wasn’t until the Greek colonization that wine-making flourished. Viticulture was introduced into Sicily and southern Italy by the Mycenaean Greeks,[nband was well established when the extensive Greek colonization transpired around 800 BC.[4][5] It was during the Roman defeat of the Carthaginians (acknowledged masters of wine-making) in the 2nd century BC that Italian wine production began to further flourish.
During this time, viticulture outside of Italy was prohibited under Roman law. Exports to the provinces were reciprocated in exchange for more slaves, especially from Gaul where trade was intense, according to Pliny, due to the inhabitants being besotted with Italian wine, drinking it unmixed and without restraint.[6] It was customary to mix wine with a good proportion of water which may otherwise have been unpalatable, making wine drinking a fundamental part of early Italian life.
Depending on the vintage, modern Italy is the world’s largest or second largest wine producer. In 2005, production was about 20% of the global total, second only to France, which produced 26. Along with Australia, Italy’s market share has rapidly increased in recent years.
Italian Appellation System
In 1963, the first official Italian system of classification of wines was launched. Since then, several modifications and additions to the legislation have been made (a major one in 1992), the last of which, in 2010, has established four basic categories, which are consistent with the last EU regulation in matter of wine (2008–09). The categories, from the bottom level to the top one, are Vini (Wines – informally called ‘generic wines’): These are wines that can be produced anywhere in the territory of the EU; no indication of geographical origin, of the grape varieties used, or of the vintage is allowed on the label. (The label only reports the color of the wine.)
Italy’s twenty wine regions correspond to the twenty administrative regions. Understanding of Italian wine becomes clearer with an understanding of the differences between each region; their cuisines reflect their indigenous wines, and vice-versa. The 73 DOCG wines are located in 15 different regions but most of them are concentrated in Piedmont, Veneto and Tuscany. Among these are appellations appreciated and sought after by wine lovers around the world: Barolo, Barbaresco, and Brunello di Montalcino (colloquially known as the “Killer B’s”).
Italian Main Blended Wines and Varietals
Sagrantino, a varietal native to Umbria, is only planted on 250 hectares, but the wines produced from it either blended or as a pure Sagrantino, are world-renowned. Inky purple, with rustic brooding fruit and heavy tannins, these wines can age for many years.
Tuscany Wine – Tuscany, evaluated on the merits of its wines alone, Tuscany stands tall, its reputation founded on such iconic wines as Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.
Situated in central Italy, Tuscany’s neighbors are Emilia-Romagna to the north and Umbria and Lazio to the south and east. It also shares a short border with Liguria as it stretches up the Tyrrhenian coast, and Marche as it pushes eastwards towards the Apennine Mountains and the Adriatic Sea on the other side of the Italian Peninsula. As is the case with almost all of Italy’s 20 regions, Tuscan wine has a rich, diverse history and origins which can be traced back as far as the fifth century BC. (Wine-Searcher)
Today, Tuscany is at the forefront of oenological excellence, and offers the world an array of internationally acclaimed wines such as the archetypal Chianti, as well as the renowned Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano. Alongside Piedmont and Veneto, this region houses a strong complement of DOCGs and more than 30 DOCs, including the likes of Rosso di Montalcino, Bolgheri and Pomino.
Key to the area’s prestige is its distinctive terroir. Several factors contribute to an ideal environment for the cultivation of grapes: coastal and mountain climates, a a mixture of well-drained and dry soils, predominantly rich in sand and clay, moderately hilly terrain extending towards the Apennine Mountains and excellent topography.
The warm temperatures coming off the coast, combined with the cool breezes from the hills, create a multitude of microclimates. The vineyards planted on hillsides at altitudes of 500–1600ft (150–500m) enjoy increased diurnal temperature variation, thus helping maintain the grape’s balance of sugars, acidity and aromatic qualities. One such variety that particularly thrives on these hillside vineyards, performing best in direct sunlight, is Tuscany’s signature red grape Sangiovese.
Considered one of Italy’s ‘greats’, Sangiovese is the mainstay in all but one of Tuscany’s seven red-wine DOCGs. In Montalcino it goes by the name Brunello, whence Brunello di Montalcino, and when used to make Vino Nobile in Montepulciano it is called Prugnolo Gentile. Sangiovese also features in Chianti, in which it is joined by small amounts of Canaiolo and Colorino, as well as increasing quantities of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot. Under the name Morellino, it also provides the basis for Morellino di Scansano.
With the rise of the ‘Super Tuscans‘, Cabernet Sauvignon has become a much more prominent variety in Tuscany. Despite the international varieties finding their way into Tuscan wines, native varieties still reign. Another Tuscan treasure is the notable sweet red wine Elba Aleatico Passito, which features the Aleatico grape.
As well as being famed for its reds, Tuscany produces some distinguished whites, one of which has achieved DOCG status (Vernaccia di San Gimignano). The region is also home to the eminent dessert wine Vin Santo (‘holy wine’), usually comprising Trebbiano grapes which have been air-dried until the start of Holy Week before being made into wine. (Wine Searcher)
Tre Venezie –The Veneto. Corte Adami Valpolicalla Ripasso Superiore. 2009. 14%.
Delle Venezie IGT Wine
IGT delle Venezie, one of Italy’s best-known wine appellations, has been made famous by the ocean of crisp, light Pinot Grigio delle Venezie that makes its way westwards to the United Kingdom and the United States from north-eastern Italy each year.
The Venezie in the title is not Venice (the historic city of canals, islands and bridges) but the Tre Venezie (the ‘three Venices’) – Venezia Euganea, Venezia Giulia and Venezia Tridentina. These are the names of three Italian administrative regions which existed between 1866 and 1919 and correspond to the modern-day regions of Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-Alto Adige. The IGT delle Venezie appellation covers this whole area, with the exception of Alto-Adige
Roughly seven bottles in every 10 of delle Venezie wine are varietal Pinot Grigio. Pinot Grigio is more than just the Italian name for Pinot Gris – it has become a wine style in its own right, wholly Italian. And here in the Venezie, it continues to confidently hold back the invasion of French varieties Pinot Noir, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay, each of which is restricted to between 3% and 10% of all IGT delle Venezie wine.
From this narrow perspective, it might seem that Pinot Grigio has also pushed Garganega (which accounts for just 2%) into the shadows, but Garganega remains the key variety behind the prolific Soave and Gambellara DOCs, and is more a grape of the traditional DOC and DOCG world than of the modern, forward-looking IGT category.
Despite the obvious dominance of Pinot Grigio here, and the smaller (but increasing) presence of internationally popular varieties of French origin, the list of grape varieties sanctioned for use in delle Venezie wines is long. It includes Durella, Muller-Thurgau, various kinds of Malvasia, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Verduzzo and Incrocio Manzoni (the crossing of Riesling and Pinot Bianco created by Italian enologist Professor Luigi Manzoni).
As might be inferred from the list above (all of which are light-skinned varieties), this is an appellation which specializes in white wines – a product of tradition as much as of north-eastern Italy’s long, cool growing season. Cabernet Sauvignon, Marzemino and Refosco are all included on the list of permitted varieties, but it is not surprising that they are far less commonly used than their white-wine counterparts. (Wine-Searcher).
Umbria — Cantina dell’ Alunno Rosso Indicazione Geografica Tipica. Rosso dell’ Alunno. 2011. 14%
Umbria IGT Wine
Umbria IGT is the region-wide Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT) title for Umbria, central Italy. It covers every part of the region, from the tiny village of San Giustino in the north to Santa Maria delle Neve in the south.
Umbria is situated right in the middle of Italy (if this boot-shaped peninsula can be said to have a ‘middle’) and is the only Italian region with neither a coastline nor an international border. Its neighbors on the Tyrrhenian coast are Tuscany and Lazio, and it is separated from the Adriatic coast only by the Marche region. The coat of arms of Umbria
Umbria’s annual wine production of one million hectoliters (26 million gallons) makes it Italy’s fourth-smallest wine-producing region by volume. By mid-2012, just one fifth of the region’s wine was sold under its 15 DOC titles. Compare this to Piedmont, which had 15 DOCGs at that time, and more than 45 DOCs, which together covered almost half of its wine.
The majority of Umbrian was traditionally sold as Vino di Tavola (which commands neither respect nor high prices) so the arrival in the mid-1990s of the IGT category, with its modern, flexible approach to wine styles, was warmly welcomed here. IGT is widely viewed as a practical compromise – a ‘middle ground’ between the stringent DOC/G production conditions, which are balanced out by higher market prices, and the almost non-existent conditions of Vino di Tavola, for which the penalty is low market prices.
IGT wines from Umbria embrace the traditional as well as the modern, both in terms of grape varieties and winemaking techniques; traditional Italian varieties such as Sangiovese and Montepulciano are found in the wines alongside the internationally successful French varieties Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot Noir. This is visible not only in the appellation‘s single-variety wines, but also in its more popular blends. The quality of the wines is rising, due largely to the engagement of consulting oenologists from other regions and even other countries. This investment has led to improvements particularly in the local Sangiovese.
White Umbria IGT wines tend to be made up of the ubiquitous Chardonnay and lesser-known Grechetto (the variety behind Umbria’s most famous wine, Orvieto).
In addition its generic, regional IGT title, Umbria also has several more location-specific IGTs. These include Allerona IGT, Bettona, IGT, Cannara IGT, Narni IGT and Spello IGWine